Boehmite 101: Nlung nsam, atsam marai, hte lung seng sawk sagawn ai lam

1. Npawt Nhpang

Boehmite gaw, chemical hku nna aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlO(OH)) ngu nna masat da ai, grau dam lada ai aluminum oxide hydroxide dinghku kata hta npawt nhpang, grai myit htum hpa, laklai ai hku nna laklai ai nhprang sut rai langai hku nna tsap nga ai. Shawng nnan hta, n-gun ja ai lamu ga sawk sagawn hpung ni hte lung seng htu shaw ai hpaji ninghkring ni gaw, Bayer ladat hku nna, htunghking hku nna aluminum nlung hpe shaw la na matu, bauxite nhprang sut rai langai mi hku nna sha, masat da hkrum ai raitim, boehmite gaw lai wa sai shaning tsa lam hku nna, manu dan ai laksan tsi mawan langai mi de galai shai wa sai, grai kungkyang ai n-gun ja ai nhprang sut rai langai mi, tinang a ahkaw ahkang. Shi a laklai ai hkrang masa, mau hpa n-gun n-gun, grai htuk manu ai n-tsa na n-gun, hte n-gun ja ai grup yin masa ni gaw, dai ni na aten na hpaga lam hta jai lang ai lam ni hta, shi hpe tsep kawp shawng lam de tawn da ya ai, petrochemical hpe jasan jaseng ai hte grup yin hpe gram lajang ai kaw nna, cutting-edge lithium component}{{3}form}fe}ty{{4}fe} du hkra. polymer ngu ai n-gun rawng ai.

Boehmite hpe chye na na matu, shi a lung seng npawt nhpang, atomic-madang na nlung npawt nhpang, thermodynamic akyang lailen, laklai ai physicochemical arawn alai ni hpe hpaji amyu myu hku nna, sung sung sawk sagawn ra ai. Dai ni na aten na hpaga lam ni gaw, grai sawng ai bungli galaw ai makau grup yin ni hpe hkam sharang lu ai, mungkan ting na shimlam tara ni hpe hkan sa lu ai, bungli galaw lu ai atsam kaba hpe jaw ya lu ai laksan arung arai ni hpe grau grau ra sharawng wa ai majaw, boehmite gaw hpaji ninghkring sawk sagawn ai ni, arung arai hpaji ninghkring ni, hpaga lam galaw ai ni a myit hpe grai hkap la wa sai. Ndai hkum tsup ai laika buk gaw, boehmite a lam hpe sung sung li li, hkrak tup sawk sagawn ai lam jaw ya ai, shi a shingra tara lamu ga masa, shi a htuk manu ai orthorhombic crystal structure, shi a ra kadawn ai hkum hkrang hte chemical akyang lailen ni, shi a hkam sharang lu ai sut masa hte sut masa lam hta jai lang ai lam amyu myu hpe atsawm sha sawk sagawn ai.

2. Boehmite a lung seng sawk sagawn ai lam hte shingra tara hku byin pru wa ai lam

Lamu ga masa hte byin pru wa ai lam

Boehmite gaw, n-gun kaba ai secondary mineral rai nna, bauxite nlung n-gun ni hta grau nna byin pru wa ai rai nna, dai gaw, mungkan hta aluminum nlung hte aluminum-madung tawn ai tsi mawan amyu myu a madung sut masa npawt nhpang hku nna galaw nga ai. Dai gaw madung hku nna, katsi ai nbung laru hte nbung laru npu na nbung laru masa ni a npu e, aluminum- rawng ai silicate lung seng ni, feldspars ni, wan hkru ai (sh) galai shai ai kanu lung seng ni a n-gun ja ai, aten galu ai tsi mawan ni a majaw byin pru wa ai, shing nrai, kaga lam langai hku nna, npawt nhpang aluminosilicate nlung ni (sh) laksan diagigenemal gethermal npu hta byin pru wa ai. Mungkan ting na bauxite npawt nhpang kaba law law hta, boehmite gaw kaga aluminum hydroxide hte oxide ni hte rau nga nga ai, grau nna gaw gibbsite (Al(OH)3) hte diaspore (AlO(OH)) ni rai nga ai. Boehmite gaw, n-gun ja ai n-gun, n-gun, hte n-gun ja ai n-gun hpe jai lang ai aten hta, gibbsite direct design galaw ai hta grau sawng ai nbung laru, n-gun, n-gun ja ai masa ni hpe ra sharawng ai majaw, bauxite nlung n-gun rawng ai shara kata na boehmite a law htam ai lam, n-gun rawng ai lam, shara shagu hta garan ginhka ai lam ni gaw, sut masa hte hpaji masa hku nna ahkyak ai masat kumla ni hku nna magam gun nga ai. yawng hpe bungli galaw ai sut masa.

Hkrang nsam hte nsam sawk sagawn ai lam

Mineralogy hku yu yang, boehmite hpe shawng nnan mu tam nna, tsaban 20 a shawng daw de hpaji masa hku nna tsun dan wa ai rai nna, hpang jahtum e, shawng daw na X{s{0}chni}ray diffraction hpe jai lang nna, aluminum hydroxide amyu myu a ntsa, npawt nhpang hkrang masa sawk sagawn ai lam galaw ai, mying kaba ai German tsi hpaji ninghkring Johannes Böhm a mying hpe shamying wa ai. Shingra tara hta, boehmite gaw, lata hte loi loi hte shinggyin la lu ai (sh) jak hte garan ginhka lu ai, kaba ai, kaja wa-hpan da ai macroscopic single crystals ni hku nna n law htum byin pru wa ai; instead, it typically presents as microcrystalline aggregates, earthy masses, clay-like matrix components, or fine-grained protective coatings within bauxite ores and lateritic profiles. Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun ja ai sawk sagawn ladat ni, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), n-gun ja ai n-gun dat dat ai electron n-gun dat (TEM), scanning electron n-gun dat dat ai (SEM), hte Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) zawn re ai rawt jat galu kaba wa ai sawk sagawn ladat ni gaw, n-gun dat hpe hkrak hkrak chye na lu na matu tsep kawp ra kadawn nga ai. kaga ga nhpu hte aluminum hydroxide ni hpe loi loi hte kasi la mai ai. Shi a shingra tara garan ginhka ai lam hpe chye na ai gaw, lamu ga sawk sagawn hpung ni hpe bauxite genesis hpe hkrak hkrak map galaw na matu karum ya nna, mungkan ting na aluminum galaw shapraw ai shara ni hta ore-hpaga galaw ai ladat ni hpe grau kaja hkra galaw na matu lungseng htu ai hpaji ninghkring ni hpe karum ya ai.

3. Boehmite a nlung nsam

Orthorhombic nlung nsam

Atom madang hta, boehmite a nlung nsam hpe orthorhombic lattice system hku nna masat da ai, dai gaw lamu ga hpung Cmcm hta lawm ai. Boehmite a kata na htingnu gawgap ai lam gaw, npawt nhpang hku nna, n-gup magap lahkawng (sh) octahedra n-gup magap ni hte hpawng de da ai rai nna, dai hta, ginjaw aluminum ion langai hpra hpe grup yin na oxygen hte hydroxyl ion kru ni hku nna, symmetric hku matut mahkai da ai. Ndai jat wa ai laika man ni kata hta, oxygen atom ni hte hydroxyl hpung ni gaw, n-gun ja ai, ni htep ai-hkum hkrang hku nna lajang da ai rai nna, aluminum ion ni gaw shanhte a lapran na octahedral lapran na shara ni hpe zing madu da ai. Boehmite a crystal lattice a masat da ai htingnu gawgap ai lam hte thermodynamic masa langai gaw, makau grup yin na octahedral sheets ni a lapran hkrak sha bungli galaw ai ngang kang ai hydrogen matut mahkai lam ni a galu kaba ai, grai hkrak ai network rai nga ai. Ndai ngang kang ai interlayer hydrogen matut mahkai lam gaw, npawt nhpang npawt nhpang hpe ngang ngang jum da ya nna, gibbsite zawn re ai aluminum hydroxide ni hte shingdaw yang, grau nna n-gun kya ai interlayer matut mahkai n-gun ni hpe madun dan ai, grau kaba ai jak rung n-gun, tsi mawan ni hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam, nbung n-gun hpe jaw ya lu ai.

Polymorphs hte hkrang masa hpe shingdaw ai lam

Boehmite gaw diaspore hte maren sha re ai tsi mawan stoichiometry hpe garan gachyan ai, lahkawng yan hpe AlO(OH) ngu ai empirical formula hte aluminum oxide hydroxides hku nna garan ginhka da ai, rai tim shanhte gaw tsep kawp n bung ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai. Ndai structural polymorphism gaw grai shai ai hkum hkrang n-gun, garan ginhka ai plane, ngang kang ai manu ni, thermodynamic akyang lailen ni hpe byin shangun ai. Dai hta n-ga, trihydroxide nhprang sut rai gibbsite (Al(OH)3) hte hkrak shingdaw yu yang, boehmite hta aluminum atom langai hta n-gun rawng ai hka grai yawm ai hpe mu lu ai. Ndai npawt nhpang crystallographic shai hkat ai lam ni gaw, nhprang sut rai langai hpra gaw nbung n-gun hpe gara hku bai htang ai hpe dawdan ya nna, ndai arai ni hpe industrial calciners, ceramic kilns, shing nrai laboratory thermal analysis jak ni hta nbung n-gun kaba ai shara ni hta byin pru wa ai, laksan, hkan nang hkan sa ai phase galai shai ai lam ni hpe shadut ya nga ai.

4. Boehmite a hkum hkrang hte seng ai atsam marai ni

Katsi ai hte katsi ai akyang lailen

Boehmite a ahkyak dik htum ai hte hpaga lam hta jai lang ai arawn alai langai gaw, shi a tau hkrau chye lu ai, kaja wa-ka da ai thermal behavior rai nga ai. Boehmite hpe rawt jat galu kaba wa ai shaloi, grai sawng ai, grai endothermic phase galai shai ai lam ni hpe hkrum sha nga ai. Dai nbung katsi ai lam gaw, 300℃Celsius daram hpe lai nna, 500℃daram du hkra rawt jat wa ai shaloi, dai crystal lattice gaw shi a hkrang masa hku matut mahkai ai hydroxyl hpung ni hpe san seng ai hka n-gun hku nna shapraw kau nna, gamma{{}{ta}}6 zawn re ai galai shai ai alumina amyu myu de hkrang shapraw ai hku galai shai mat wa ai. theta-alumina, hpang jahtum e 1100℃Celsius jan grai tsaw ai nbung katsi ai shara hta ngang grin ai alpha-alumina de n galai shai shi yang. Ndai endothermic dehydration ladat gaw, nbung n-gun npu hta san seng ai hka n-gun hpe shim lum ai hku shapraw lu ai atsam hte rau, boehmite hpe laklai ai nbung n-gun hpe pat shingdang ai hte n--n hkru n kaja ai, shingra tara hpe n-hkap la ai wan n-gun hpe laksan lang ai polymer hte.

Ntsa na Chemistry hte bai htang ai lam

Boehmite gaw mau hpa npu na chemistry hpe madun dan ai, laklai ai hku nna tsaw ai npu na lamu ga jarit hpe madun dan ai, grau nna laksan hka lim ai lam hku nna nano-sized particles, fibrous crystals, shing nrai colloidal boehmite sols ni hpe shapraw na matu shingdaw ai shaloi. Synthetic boehmite particles ni a ntsa e, n-gun rawng ai hydroxyl hpung ni law law nga ai majaw, laklai ai amphoteric shingra tara hpe jaw ya ai majaw, hka hta rawng ai acidic hte basic chemical amyu lahkawng yan hte kaja ai hku kanawn mazum lu ai. Hka hta rawng ai hka htung ni hta, boehmite gaw ngang grin ai, nsam htoi tu ai colloidal sols ni hpe shabyin ya lu ai, ndai atsam gaw hpaji masa hku nna ceramics, makawp maga ai shingnip ni, membrane galaw ai lam ni a matu rawt jat galu kaba wa ai sol-gel galaw ai lam ni hta grai jai lang ai atsam rai nga ai. Ndai laklai ai colloidal akyang lailen ni gaw, plate- zawn re ai nlung ni kaw nna, n-gun ja ai n-gun ja ai shingnip ni du hkra, grai htuk manu ai particle morphologies ni hte hpawn, arung arai hpaji ninghkring ni hpe boehmite hpe yaw shada ai rheological hkang zing ai lam hte adsorption heterophistic capacities ni hpe jat ya ai.

5. Hpaga lam hta ahkyak ai lam hte dai ni na aten hta jai lang ai lam ni

Aluminas hte Catalysts ni a matu laksan npawt nhpang

Boehmite gaw, san seng ai galai shai ai aluminas ni hpe kaba ai hku galaw shapraw na matu, grau nna gamma-alumina ni hpe galaw shapraw na matu, n mai malap ai hpaga lam a npawt nhpang langai hku nna magam gun nga ai. Ndai galai shai ai aluminas ni gaw laklai ai porosity, structural integrity, hte massive specific surface areas ni hpe lu da ai majaw, shanhte hpe sau jasan jaseng ai hka htung, mawdaw catalytic converter, hte yak hkak ai chemical synthesis reaction ni hta grai lang ai premier catalyst madi shadaw ai lam ni byin tai wa shangun ai. Boehmite precursors ni a hka lim ai lam, asak kaba wa ai masa, hka n-gun hte galaw ai lam ni hpe atsawm sha hkang lu ai hku nna, tsi galaw ai ni gaw, dai ni na aten na heterogeneous ca ni a ngang kang ai ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe hkan sa lu na matu, hka lim ai n-gun, hka lim ai n-gun garan ai lam, jak hte n-gun rawng ai shara ni hpe hkrak hkrak gram lajang lu ai.

N-gun mahkawng da ai hta grau kaja ai jai lang ai lam ni

Kade nna ai aten hta, boehmite gaw mungkan ting na n-gun shinggyin ai lam hta lawan ai hku jat wa nga ai, hpaji hparat madang tsaw ai hpe mu tam wa sai, grau nna lithium{1}}ion hte sodium-ion battery ni hta garan ginhka ai ni a matu rawt jat galu kaba wa ai shingnip shingna langai hku nna jai lang wa sai. Shi a nbung n-gun grai ja ai, wan n-gun hpe grai kaja hkra n-gun n-jaw ai, wan n-gun hpe n-gun n-jaw ai shingra tara, hte tsi mawan ni hpe n-gun n-jaw ai majaw, ultra-kaja ai synthetic boehmite powder hpe polymer battery garan ginhka ai jak ni a ntsa e n-gun n rawng ai ceramic layer langai zawn shinggrup da ai. Ndai makawp maga ai inorganic coating gaw, separator shrinkage, kata na short circuits, hte thermal runaway ni hpe n-gun ja ai-n-gun ja ai bungli galaw ai myit ru myit tsang lam, grai n-gun dat ai lam, shing nrai, nail-hkap shang wa ai masa ni a npu e pat shingdang ya ai majaw, wan jak mawdaw ni a shimlum lam, kam hpa mai ai lam, hte n-gun atsam hpe grai jat ya lu ai. htaw mai ai electronic jak ni hpe lang ai.

Wan hkru ai hpe pat shingdang ai hte Nanomaterial hpe hpawng de ai lam

N-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hte n-gun dat hpe n-gun dat dat ai hta lai nna, boehmite hpe shingra tara hpe makawp maga ai, halogen-n lawm ai wan n-gun shayawm ai baw hku nna, n-gun ja ai engineering plastic ni, printed circuit board laminates ni, hte rawt jat galu kaba wa ai gawgap ai arung arai ni hta grau grau jai lang wa nga ai. Polymer ni hta filler law ai shara ni hta bang dat ai shaloi, shi a endothermic dehydration gaw grup yin na katsi ai hpe hkap la nna wan hkru ai aten hta wan hkru ai pyrolysis nbung ni hpe shayawm kau ya ai. Dai hta n-ga, synthetic boehmite nanoparticles ni hpe polymer nanocomposites, n-gun n rawng ai optical coatings, ceramic filtration membrane ni hta n-gun ja shangun ai fillers hku nna grai law hkra jai lang nga ai, dai gaw dai compound a mau hpa rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lam hpe madun dan ai, dai gaw npawt nhpang htu shaw ai arung arai langai kaw nna, grai kungkyang ai n-gun rawng ai arung arai langai mi de du wa ai hpe madun dan nga ai.

6. Ngut nna tsun ai

Boehmite (AlO(OH)) gaw, n ra sharawng ai bauxite n san seng ai lam (sh) n-gun ja ai lung seng htu sha ai arung arai langai mi sha re ngu ai htunghking lachyum hpe lai di nna, rawt jat galu kaba wa ai tsi hpaji, arung arai hpaji masa, dai ni na hpaji masa ni hta npawt nhpang nlung langai mi tai wa sai. Shi a laklai ai orthorhombic crystal hkrang gaw, ngang kang ai interlayer hydrogen matut mahkai lam hte laklai ai nbung n-gun hpe jaw ya ai hte, grai tau hkrau chye lu ai phase galai shai ai lam ni hpe jaw ya ai. Shi a tsaw ai laklai ai npu lamu ga, amphoteric npu na chemistry, hte laklai ai colloidal atsam ni hte hpawn, boehmite gaw hpaga lam amyu myu hta ahkyak ai hpaji masa rawt jat lam ni hpe galaw lu shangun ai. 1990 ning hta, n-gun ja ai n-gun dat ni hpe madi shadaw ya ai kaw nna, dai ni na aten na lithium{4}}ion battery ni hta ahkyak ai shimlam shingnip langai hku nna galaw ya ai hte, shingra tara hpe n-gun jaw ya ai polymers ni hta eco-friendly wan n-gun shayawm ya ai n-gun dat ni hpe n-gun dat ya ai hku nna, boehmite gaw, dai ni na aten na npawt nhpang mineralogy hte n-gun dat hpaji ningnan ni hpe gara hku matut nna shabyin ya nga ai hpe kasi madun nga ai.